A short wall rail around the perimeter of the table keeps the balls on the playing surface. The rail is faced with a rubber cushion so balls that strike it rebound predictably and remain in play.
One of the BCA's functions is to define specifications for equipment acceptable for sanctioned tournaments. Although it does not specify the exact size of an approved pool table, the BCA requires that its playing surface be twice as long as it is wide.
BCA specifications for the table include maximum allowable surface deflections under a specified vertical force, surface flatness tolerances, size and shape requirements for the rubber cushion and the pockets, and composition requirements for the playing surface and its cloth covering.
The origin of billiard tables is uncertain. The most common theory is that around the fifteenth century, tables were used in France and England for an indoor version of a lawn game similar to croquet. A ball bille in French resting on the table was shoved with a stick billart in French , in order to propel the ball through a wire gate to strike a wooden peg. The function of six pockets around the edges of the table is unclear.
Vertical walls banks in English around the edges kept balls from falling off the table. Billiards developed simultaneously in England. The rules varied from place to place, as described in The Complete Gamester, a book published in England in By this time, the club-shaped billart had evolved into a slender cue. It took another century for the wire gate and upright wooden peg to gradually disappear from billiard tables.
Because playing surfaces were made of wood, they had a tendency to warp. As players began to purposely rebound balls off the table's edge walls, builders began to pad the banks with cloth stuffed with horsehair or rags. During the s, billiards remained popular in France and England, and caught on in the United States. Table sizes varied, but the ratio of length to width became standard. Rails were padded with tightly rolled cloth, producing a somewhat more predictable ball rebound.
The Industrial Revolution contributed to a series of improvements in billiard tables. Between and , chalk was first used on cue stick ends to increase friction, leather cue tips were invented, diamond-shaped sights were added to rails, slate was introduced as a superior table surface, and vulcanized rubber which maintained its properties regardless of temperature fluctuations was quickly adapted for rail cushions.
Subsequent refinements in pool tables have related primarily to construction techniques. For example, in older tables horizontal holes were drilled in the slate edges and filled with molten lead; screws running through the vertical edge of the rail were tightened into the lead-lined hole. In contrast, rails are A pool table with frame. Similarly, in older tables brass dowel pins were inserted into lead-lined horizontal holes drilled into the edges of the three slate sections where they would join to form the playing surface.
In modern tables, the slate sections are held tightly together by screwing them to a wood frame, and joints are usually sealed with hot wax. Although some inexpensive pool tables use synthetic slate or plastic honeycomb sheets, the preferred playing surface and the only one sanctioned by the BCA is natural slate. It is quite dense, with the amount in a typical table weighing lb kg or more.
Chalk also began to be used to increase friction between the cue and the all. Initially, the game was called billiards either from the French word for stick or ball. However, in the US it began to be called in association with its use in pool rooms.
The pool is a word for collective betting and was used in games such as poker as well as in horse racing. The horse racing establishments provided a billiard table as part of the entertainment in the pool room when gamblers waited between races.
However, the word soon began to be associated with the game of billiards and not the gambling pool. Room For many years the pool room was a place dominated by men where they gathered to smoke, drink, and gamble.
The atmosphere made it difficult for women to take this sport. The range of colours included white, red, yellow, green and brown with blue, pink and black coming at a later date. After these colours were used, more players could enter by adding coloured balls with a cross or a spot. Pocket billiard tables were installed in them so patrons could pass the time between races but soon enough the word pool had become attached to the American form of pocket billiards.
The first pocket billiards championship was played in with the dominant form of the game being American Four-Ball Billiards. Professional players became so well known that cigarette cards were issued featuring them. The most famous pool game, eight-ball, was invented shortly after New poolrooms opened across America coinciding with the creation of coin-operated tables helping to give the game a large boost.
Pool is now frequently televised on U. Nine-ball is the favoured championship game of choice due to its fast-paced nature, suited for TV and audience engagement. History of Snooker and Pool. Pool Pool, more formally known as pocket billiards, is the umbrella term for a number of cue sports and games played on a six-pocket pool table, including eight-ball, nine-ball and straight pool. Read more about: Sport Andrew Watson: The first black international footballer who captained Scotland.
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